Валиева М.Р. Кухонная утварь (на материале диалектов). Словарь. – Уфа, 2023. – 280 с. Страница 7.

7 FOREWORD Original utensils and various vessels used for cooking, eating and storing food from time immemorial are a special indicator of the material culture of peoples. Traditionally, craftsmen made dishes from the most accessible natural materials: wood, birch bark, twigs, clay, sand, metal, stones (jasper, jade, silicon, onyx, rock crystal, etc.), animal bones and skin. For example, ортуҫтаҡ – миска из нароста дерева – wood tureen made from a burl или туҙаяҡ I – берестяной короб (для закваски зерна бузы) – birch bark box (for starter grain for booze (light intoxicating drink made from millet, buckwheat, barley)). In the era of universal globalization, modern types of dishes are being produced, thus, original vessels and containers are being replaced, the technology of commercial and handicraft production of traditional household utensils is leaving. Factory products come into our everyday life with other names, and the names of ancient types of dishes made of leather, birch bark, and wood are preserved only in written sources. It should be noted that the most ancient Bashkir traditional vessels were made from the skin of livestock. For each specific vessel, special parts of the skin or internal organs of animals were selected. For example, a vessel for koumiss ямдау was made from the stomach of an animal, and боткүнәк I was made from the skin of the hind leg of a horse or cow. The wide distribution of leather, birch bark and wooden household utensils is evidenced by a rich terminology that differs in individual districts and regions. These names not only mean any household item, they also kept a sacred and symbolic meaning associated with rituals, signs, and beliefs of the people. For example, for the Bashkirs (but also for many nomadic peoples), ҡаҙан ‘cauldron’ symbolized the unity of all family members, “it occupied the central part of the Bashkir yurt, was a symbol of prosperity in the house and the immortality of the family” [СБМ. Хисамитдинова, 2011, с. 235]. The grandiose modern changes in the economy, the restructuring of everyday life have almost completely replaced original utensils and dishes from the everyday life of the Bashkirs. At the moment, the linguistic aspect of this topic has been little studied, and in connection with this, it became necessary to generalize and systematize the existing material. Thus, the dictionary includes various names of kitchen and table utensils for cooking and serving food, various names of vessels, travel bags, bags, nets, leather, bast and birch bark baskets, food storage boxes.

Страницы:

Обложка 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280
Закрыть